Table: Attack Roll Modifiers

Attacker is . . .

Melee

Ranged

Dazzled

–1

–1

Entangled

–2¹

–2¹

Flanking defender

+2

—

Invisible

+2²

+2²

On higher ground

+1

+0

Prone

–4

—³

Shaken or frightened

–2

–2

Squeezing through a space

–4

–4

1 An entangled character also takes a –4 penalty to Dexterity, which may affect his attack roll.

2 The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC. This bonus doesn’t apply if the target is blinded.

3 Most ranged weapons can’t be used while the attacker is prone, but you can use a crossbow or shuriken while prone at no penalty.